Vahid Jajarmi
Islamic Azad University, Iran.
Title: Ability of endophytic fungi on improvement characteristics Lolium Prenne under stress condition
Biography
Biography: Vahid Jajarmi
Abstract
Iran is located in dry and semi dry region. In this condition, producing forage in land race is very important. The presence of endophyte fungi in a plant leads to resistance to a range of biotic and a biotic stresses. Plant growth gets better by producing a range of different types of metabolites by fungal endophytic. Fungal endophytes produce a range of alkaloids such as lolin, peramin, ergowalin, and lolitrum that protect the host (plant) against insects. They belong to genus Epchloe (Clavipitaceae), which reside in the leaf sheath of many cool-season grass families of poaceae such as Lolium perenne. In this study, more than 60 fresh plant materials (Natural samples) of Lolium perenne, were collected from the native rangelands in north of Iran (Golestan state). To insure the presence of fungai endophyte in the fresh samples, leaf sheaths were stained with Rose Bengal. The genomic DNA was also extracted from the isolates to confirm the identity of fungi by ISSR marker. The results of the present study showed that the endophyte fungi belonged to Neotyphodium. In 2015, a field experiment design was carried out in split- plot based on randomized complete block in Research farm Bojnord Azad university. The main factor(A) were: normal irrigation (65 mm evaporation), moderate stress (irrigation after 95 mm evaporation) and high stress (irrigation after 115 mm evaporation),factor (B) were included: lolium prenne infected by endophyte and lolium prenne free endophyte. The stress conditions reduced all traits and this reduction was significantly lower in endophyte-infected genotypes. In other words, under the stress condition, endophyte-infected samples had higher physiological characteristics such as: leaf area index, crop growth rate, CGR, Spad chlorophyll, tillers number, dry weight, crown, leaf length and wet weight. The most protein and leaf proline and carotenoid and chlorophyll ratio a/b belonged to lolium prenne infected by endophyte in moderate stress. Glucose and Fructose are produced in symbiotic plants more than free fungi. Endophytic fungi stimulate secondary metabolites in response to drought tolerance such as: loline alkaloid. It can be concluded that the endophytes in normal and stress conditions can help increase the traits effective on physiological characteristics. Under nutrient-limited conditions, endophyte decreases the metabolic cost on the host grass.